Radio

Speech Package Production

The British radio industry is split up into many groups such as the private, public and community.

Public:
Public radio broadcasting is both non commercial and is an independent organisation such as the BBC which is license funded by the public for £2.08 per month.

Audience Reach: National, Local and Regional
The audience is the public since public radio is broadcasted to different regions such as the BBC, it has several radio stations that broadcast to different regions such as with BBC Leeds, BBC Asia, thus it reaches everyone. Everyone in the public is reached since BBC radio stations appeal to all forms of entertainment and news to the public of all ages.

These are the local stations of BBC Radio across the UK such as Teeside, Manchester, Newcastle and Leeds.


BBC Radio: BBC offers many forms of entertainment and news towards a wide demographic such as Radio 1 and it's news-beat segment, which has a target demographic of 15-30, so it provides the news and makes it appropriate for that target demographic.



Community:
Community radio is not a profitable business and is a radio that is for a specific place and is funded by the community of said place. It provides local news, sports, weather and music to a local community.

• Audience Reach: Local

Well since the radio station is for a local community I think that it would be dived into groups for specific times and those groups in the radio's broadcast. There are 200 local community stations.


CVFM: CVFM Is a Community Radio for Middlesbrough which delivers a wide range of entertainment on the radio, news and can be listened to on the internet.

Private:
Private Radio is funded by advertisement companies to use the audio of their adverts such as home insurance, hotel ads, products that people might want or movie trailers.

• Audience Reach: Regional, Local

The private sector of the radio industry has many popular radio stations such as Capital FM and TFM radio which are very popular to those who have it on their radio. The audience for Capital is a young audience to the age of 15-30 since the station is updated with the latest songs that are aimed at a teenage demographic, but at the same it gives the news so it also apply's to adults. Smooth is for an older audience because it plays older music and it has the news as well, so it apply's to an older audience.


News Packages:

• BBC Radio 4: This BBC radio broadcast runs for 3 hours and covers the news in current affairs and it also includes the sports desk, yesterday in parliament, weather and thought for the day.

Name Of Station: BBC Radio 4

Name Of Show: Today from 6:00

Target Audience: This show is aimed for those who wake up earlier for work and an older demographic so it is aimed at workers in their 20's-50's.

Genre: News Bulletin, Longer news, Information and Current Affairs

Style Of Programme: It starts with Current Affairs in the news, sports desk, yesterday in parliament, the weather and thought of the day ends the programme.

Contributors: John Humphrys, Jim Naughtie, Sarah Sarah Montague, Evan Davis, Mishal Husain and Justin Webb

Any/Legal/Ethical Considerations: Have to be careful of what is reported on the news, such as racist content or things that some may find offensive.

BBC Radio 1

Name Of Station: BBC Radio 1

Name Of Show: News beat

Target Audience: Both Genders and 15-30
Genre: News Bulletin
Style Of Programme: The programme is a news bulletin that explains the recent events in the news with the proper music in the background, which is suited towards a specific audience.
Structure Of Programme: The programme starts with an introduction, then it announces what in the will be read out as a preview in a specific order and then reads out the news, after which it ends.
Contributors: Chris Mase, Simon Mundy.
Any legal /ethical consideration:

BBC Radio 5 Live:

Name Of Station: BBC Radio 5 Live
Name Of Show: 5 Live Breakfast
Target Audience: Those who like to listen to the news on the morning.
Genre: News and Bulletin
Style Of Programme: The show establishes what has happened recently in the news then they ask people to call in to give their opinions on said current situation.
Structure Of Programme: It starts out with an introduction, then the news and then people call in for their own opinion.
Contributors: Nicky Campbell and Rachel Burden
Any Legal/Ethical Considerations: They have to make sure that they do not say anything that can be offensive or make sure that their callers do the same.

Name Of Station: BBC world service
Name Of Show: BBC news summary
Target Audience: Worldwide BBC Viewers
Genre: News Bulletin
Style Of Programme: Reads out the news with a formal RP accent, so others can understand what the presenter is saying.
Structure Of Programme: The news is read out in order and is hard hitting news that is broadcasted worldwide. Hard hitting meaning that it will mostly contain news that is not good.
Contributors: The Presenter
Any legal/ethical considerations: Information must be correct and has to be backed up by correct evidence.

Factual Packages:

A Guide to Garden Wildlife on BBC Radio 4:

Name Of Station: BBC Radio 4
Name Of Show: A Guide To Garden Wildlife
Target Audience: Those who are interested in the wide range of creatures and plants around their garden.
Genre: Nature and Environment / Documentary
Style Of Programme: The explanation of creatures and plants around the garden. You can hear the sounds of the animals as if you were actually there.
Structure Of Programme: The go around a large garden and tell people about the plants and creatures around different area's of the garden.
Contributors: Brett Westwood and Phil Gates
Any legal/ethical considerations: No

Name Of Station: BBC Radio 4
Name Of Show: Space Odyssey to Europa
Target Audience: Those who may be interested in doing Astronomy.
Genre: Astronomy, Science
Style of Programme: The history of astronomy and how it has effected the world.
Structure Of Programme: They first tell how the history of astronomy began and how people have gone on theories that Jupiter could sustain life.
Contributors: Paul Murdin
Any Legal/Ethical Considerations: a balanced opinion on the views of science.

Name Of Station: BBC Radio 4
Name Of Show: A Trip Around Mars
Target Audience: Those who are interested in astronomy and would like to hear about Mars and its landscape.
Genre: Factual and Documentary
Style Of Programme: Theories on the Martian landscape and how it is possible to support life.
Structure Of Programme: It goes, introduction with Kevin Fong introducing himself, then The talks about what Mars is and it's landscape and various other things that have been involved with it, such as the Mars rover.
Contributors: Kevin Fong
Any Legal/Ethical Considerations: A balanced opinion on science and related Facts.

Name: Of Station: BBC Asian Network
Name Of Show: Nahal
Target Audience: The British/Asian Community
Genre: Discussions on Current events
Style of Programme: Informal discussions and it was very laid back, but at the same time it can get intense in it's arguments.
Structure Of Programme:
Contributors: Dr Joe
Any Legal/Ethical Considerations: Make sure that the things they say are not offensive to those who are listening.
Do not offend religious groups.
Do not use offensive language.
Be sympathetic.
Have a balanced opinion.

• Conclusion:

In my research I have discovered that speech packages, music and even the ads are all aimed towards a specific target audience and that in any kind of radio broadcast it is all done towards the opinions and entertainment for the target audience. I have also discovered that there is a huge difference. News is just news, which can be given in a different style but all and all it is still just news, but Factual can go to any style and talk about anything that is aimed at its specific target audience as you will see in the factual speech packages above, meaning that there is always a different show towards its target audience, such as those who like comedy, nature or drama.

The purpose and nature of research in the creative media

The Purpose and Nature of Research in the Creative Media

Explain the Purpose of research:
The purpose of research in the creative media sector is to help collect information that can help with planning and potential profits to a product that is currently in production.

Focusing on the importance of audience research:

Market: When creating a product it is important to check the market to see whether or not the product is suited towards it, if the market is doing well with products in that specific area and whether or not people are buying in that market.

• Trends: In marketing the most important thing is to make sure your product is in the right trend (which is the most popular at the moment). So you need to research the most popular trends in products in order to find what will be the best trend to place your product in, then remake it towards that trend.
• Age: It is most important to find the correct age when making a product, it depends on what style it is and what kind of product it is as well such as a new kind of game or a bike.
• Gender: Gender is one of the most important for a product, say if you were to make a new kind of car it depends on what gender it is targeted at such as the F series of range rovers.

Audience: Research into the audience is crucial when making a product, because when making your product it has appeal to a distinct audience so it will sell well to said audience.

• Getting an Audience: Getting an audience is one of the difficult parts of the job, the best way to find an audience is to ask college students, give leaflets requesting people to come and asking some people that you know.

Production: When working on a production, many things have to be taken into consideration, such as budget, location, Legal and ethical, forms that need signing and who will be employed as part of that production. 

• Budget: Budget is where you need to focus on what you will need like equipment, actors and how to pay the, so you will need to figure out how much these things will cost and determine what option is most cost effective.
• Location: for any subject of media whether it is news, documentary or a film it is always important to have the proper location, you need to complete the proper paper work to secure a specific location that has what you require for filming.
• Legal and Ethical: In any production you will usually run into these problems, meaning what you should do and what is the right thing to do by the law.
• Forms: All paper work needs to be filled in advance before you even think of doing your work. this is a key part of production planning and needs to be done first.
• Employees: Employees are the most important part of any plans in production because you might not be able to all of what you have planned by yourself.

Primary Research: Primary Research is where you make the results, data and statistics your self from questions "you" ask others through various focus groups, survey and questionnaires that you hand out. The purpose of these methods is to gather data and determine which is the best market to put the product you are having questioned in order to determine where it belongs in the market and what age is suited to and who would want to by it.

Face to Face Interview:

• Advantages: People are less likely to lie in a interview because it will go on record and it will define whether or not you get a job.
• Disadvantages: You can't control what they like or don't like about the you it is really just a gamble even when you when you are qualified.
• Example: The best example of a face to face interview would be an interview for a product and whether or not a person thinks it is good or for a film role.

Focus Group:

• Advantages: You can get honest feedback based on what people think.
• Disadvantages: You Can get very different answers based on other people's interpretations.
• Example: A good example is a focus group that are reviewing a pilot for a new television series, there is a chance that they might like it, but it all depends on what they think.

Questionnaire:

• Advantages: It can be more resourceful to get data from a questionnaire and it allows you to be commented on your work as well.
• Disadvantages: The results from some answered questions can be more complex then you think, such as receiving double the answer for the same question, not answering some of the questions and writing down a comment in multiple chice which just needs a straight answer.
• Example: An example for this would be questionnaires on the internet that ask people what are their favourite shows.

Secondary Research: With Secondary Research you take your data and results from more than one source such as people or books and the internet, then gather the results together into your research. You can even use this form of research towards your work online through online surveys in order to get the results for your product may be on the international circuit. The purpose of this is the same as primary research, forwarding the results of your product and finding out what markets it belongs in and what type consumer will be buy it.

Library Research:

• Advantages: One of the advantages is that you can get different interpretations on the same subject which can allow you to see it from any point of view.
• Disadvantages: The answers that you find may not be up to date and could be some what questionable.
• Examples: An example of this is when writing a review on a book or doing research for an article that could be about a certain event.

Internet Search:

• Advantages: Its faster, it allows you to get the answers from people in different regions.
• Disadvantages: Not all answers are correct so it is better to find multiple answers on the subject and then find out which is the most likely to be true.
• Example: For basic information, such as when checking a news article.

Online Survey:

• Advantages: Allows you to communicate your idea's with more people which can help you develop a product with people who agree with the idea's you have come up with.
• Disadvantages: Some people that you send them out to may not answer and you might get low results due to this.
• Examples: They now use online surveys on Youtube to check what they like to watch.

Quantitative Data: This is based on quantities of information and looks at it in statistics and mathematical results such as the results from a questionnaire, answers to a certain question online and the results in a bar chart.

• Advantages: Looking at the mathematical results and statistics can help towards finding a target audience and maybe the age and gender of the people you would like to sell a product to.
• Disadvantages:it doesn't give the preferences of the people, so it means that jut because a lot of people are watching something, does not mean that they like, I mean it could the case that someone left the television on and nobody's watching it, so this means that the numbers may not always be right.

Qualitative Data: This is used to organize and identify different opinions such as when one person likes an Idea and the other one doesn't so it is all working which is liked the most.

• Advantages: Other people's opinions are important and can help you towards developing a product based those opinions.
• Disadvantages: The disadvantage of this is the advantage as well because of some many different opinions it can be hard to tell which is best for the product you are making.

Rules of the Workplace

Rules of the Workplace

Punctuality:

A good sense of timing, that allows you to make on time for various dates whether be on the morning, mid day or night.
Punctuality is absolutely important in all sectors of work, you need to be able to be able to meet deadlines and get to work on time. if not you may be demoted or possibly fired from your job.

Reliability:

This is where people put their there faith and trust in your abilities and can count on you for any form of work.
In the work place to be known as reliable is quite an honor, as you are being trusted with work that you have been trusted with deadlines, quality and the quantity of work you have been given.

Communication Skills:

This means that you have to be social with other people around you and be able to talk to people in ways they will understand in order to develop a good working relationship.
In meetings you may be required to only speak when spoken to, but sometimes this isn't the case.

True Management - Deadlines:

Management is where you lead (possibly) a group through a task that is required of them or they have been assigned to them by a higher form of management. You will be assigned a deadlines and various requirements that will test your skills as a manager in order to see if you have what it takes to lead a group.

Organization:

Is to be organised in your work, to not allow work to get mixed up or lost, to keep a close eye on what you are doing with your work and to keep track of all of it as a whole.
In the work place organizing your work is extremely important or you could miss deadlines which can lead to you getting fired from your job.

Self Presentation:

You will need to dress as some dress codes require in business such as if you work in a smart office building I suggest a suit.It is implied that you have the correct dress sense towards the job you will be working with as clothes do make an impression on your job.

Working as part of a team:

Team work is where you work alongside a number of people in order to complete a task, project or assignment that has been given. Working with others is important towards your job as it can lead to promotions, because it shows your superiors that you can work well with people.

Working on your own initiative:

It means that you will be able to work on your own idea's if others think they cannot do it.
It is good to take the initiative sometimes as it can lead to a promotions because it shows your superiors that you can handle a situation on your own, but it can make some people ignore team work.

Commitment:

Commitment is where you make something the center of your attention and don't focus of anything else until it is complete.
It is good to commit to another project in work as it implies that you understand what you are doing and it helps you understand the job more.

Motivation:
Where you are inspired to do something.
In work you need to be inspired towards your work and stay motivated as it does well for your career and can give people a view of what kind of person you are in business.

Animation

Animation

Concept artist:

Explanation: Concept artists draw various designs of characters, locations and even equipment used by the characters to help production designers to realize their goals for a film or TV show. Many film or television studio's that have a big reputation have many concept artist's

Roles and Responsibilities: All responsibilities include being able to create environments, backgrounds, color schemes and various characters based upon idea's given to you by art directors and development teams and luckily your final designs might get into the film or TV show they are making.

Contract and Salary: The contract of a Concept design artist is either fixed term or full time.
Full-time: A concept artist would need to work specific hours and paid a specific salary depending on the level of work.
Fixed term:
The average wages of a concept design artist are reported to be £42,000 a year.

Qualifications Required: 
You have to be up to date with latest computer illustration programs such as Photoshop and Painter.

• Illustrations skills.
• The ability to picture 3-dimensional spaces.
• An interest in design and films.
• You have to be a team player.
• The ability to interpret other people's idea's.
• College/ University education on the subject.
• The ability to adapt to change when it is requested.

What are your progression routes:
In business you could start out doing storyboard work and then work your way up into doing more detailed drawings in your profession and submit them to employer who need a concept artist.

Computer Animator:

Explanation: A computer animator is where you create moving images in the movie or television sector with computer graphics and animation.

Roles and Responsibilities:
Developing animation concepts on the 3D level. Creating storyboards for various movies, TV shows or Video Games that depict the script and narrative.

Contract and Salary:
The contract of a animator is usually for hiring and the pay is at least at £12,000-£15,000, but in Video games the salary starts higher at £18,000 and rises as you get more experienced with the job.

Qualifications Required: 
You need to have knowledge in theses subjects in order to work in this profession.

• College/University Education
• Animation
• 3D designs
• Concept Design
• Computer Aided Engineering
• Multimedia
• Model making or Sculptures

What are the progression routes:
start out doing animations in college and progress in work, then when you've a achieved a diploma or finished your work go on to university, then seek out a job a profession that requires a computer animato. maybe a tv studio or a in advertisement company that requires these skills.

Storyboard Artists:
Explanations: Story board artists take screenplays and translates them into illustrations that can visually describe a scene like a comic book.

Roles and Responsibilities:
Use computer software and other ways of creative design to make illustrations that map out a movie, TV or video game scene. Study script to understand overall theme and moods of characters or landscape.

Contract and Salary:
If you are hired into a TV series you usually get a salary of £63,410.

Qualifications Required:
You may require at least an A level in Art and Design and an education in the same course in College or University.

• An ability to understand complex instructions from a production team.
• A creative mind towards that can conjure new perspectives.
• Strong artistic abilities.

What are your progression routes:
You could start out as a concept design artist and then work your way up and then put forward more of your work in the line of storyboards in college work. After that you could go onto university inorder to get a better education and understanding on the subject, then do more storyboards for university films as a way of building experience and a reputation.

Movie Producers:
Explanation: A producer has overall control of work production.

Roles and Responsibilities:
The producer is responsible for a producer are to select and bring together leaders of different aspects of the project they are working on and make them work as a team. And in the work of films they are completely accountable for success and funding of the film.

Contract and Salary:
A average salary for a film producer ranges from £18,000-£25,000 and the contract ranges on full time in the case of a television show that has requested a full season.

Qualifications Required:

• The ability to secure finance for a production
• Ability to prepare a reasonable budget
• excellent communication skills towards the people the people you are working with
• The ability to work well under pressure and make sure that you regulate the codes of this practice

Progression Routes:
Movie prducers can go on to be directors then teachers and even actors.

Directors:
Explanation:
The director is the driving force of a film production and is the crucial component in production, technical and creative teams in the film industry.

Roles and Responsibilities:
Directors may have to write some of the film script and commission it to be written. They may be hired after the early draft of a script is completed. directors mus be able to develop an idea of how a film is going to end a get a grip on the dramatic feel of a characters dialogue.

Contract and Salary:
The salary ranges from £18,000-£25,000 for a typical director
The salary for a experienced director ranges from £20,000-£35,000
The salary of a senior level director ranges from £37,000-£70,000

Qualifications Required:

• A director has to have an artistic vision and a knowledge of drama.

Progression Routes:

You could start out as a small college movie director and build up experience over time and a reputation.

Actors:
Explanation: Actors can interpret scripts written for them by writer in order to act out various scenes for TV shows and Films.

Roles and Responsibilities:
To act out the script according to the director and various other actors.

Contract and Salary:
Actor's or their agents usually negotiate minimum wage and the pay can increse if the acting position is for a TV Show or A film.

Qualifications Required:
An actor requires drama training in the arts, mainly a levels or college/university training.

Progression Routes: If you want to be an actor it is best to start when still in school and try to get a A levels an try to go on to a samll acting poasition as a minor, secondary or an extra character. With experience over time you could get big budget parts in movies or TV shows.

Chapter 3: The Regulatory Bodies of The Creative Media Sector

The Regulatory Bodies of The Creative Media Sector

• TV, Radio and Telecommunications Office For Communications (ofcom):

Which media sector does it control?

This regulatory industry controls the Radio, Television and mobile sectors. This industry makes sure that the people of Britain get the best communication and they also protect them from various scams and sharp practices.

What is the History of the Organization?

Pre-1985: In 1985 the British government had licensed 2 national operators and one of them was called Telecom Scurior Cellular Radio, this was done in order to provide a cellular radio service for the UK.

How does it enforce its regulatory powers?

Ofcom's job is to protect its consumer's interest, so Ofcom must take an evidenced based approach in the case that its laws are being violated.

What are the consequences of not adhering to regulators rules and codes of practice? (What happens if you break the laws?)

If Ofcom's laws are violated then the person or people who did said violation, then said people will be fine a large amount of money.

• Advertising Standards Authority (ASA):

Which media sector does it control?
ASA regulate Advertisement media and make sure that people do not violate some of the advertisement laws such as revealing inappropriate content to viewers.

What is the history of the organization?
The ASA has been protecting the consumers and promoting advertisement content since 1961 with CAP.

How does it enforce its regulatory powers?
They act on complaints and check up on various advertisement media, after which they take action if anything is misleading, offensive or harmful.

What are the consequences of not adhering to regulators rules and codes of practice? (What happens if you break the laws?)
They will be fine a large amount of money.

• British Board of Film Classification (BBFC):

Which media sector does it control?
This sector regulates the age restrictions and whether or not a film is appropriate to air or be in the cinema based on their decisions.

What is the history of the organization?
This independent non-government body has classified all sorts of movies in the cinema and television industry since 1912 and it started doing Video's and DVD's since the Video Recording Act in 1984 when they started age restricting movies on television as well.

How does it enforce its regulatory powers?
The BBFC examine films by watching them and rating them based on content and all scenes that may be inappropriate towards a younger audience. If the film is inappropriate it may be given a age rating or possibly banned depending on what content it contains. And sometimes they rate video games.

What are the consequences of not adhering to regulators rules and codes of practice? (What happens if you break the laws?)
Violating their laws and airing a movie that has been censored or banned will allow them to take legal action which could result in a lawsuit and possibly prison.

• Press Complaints Commission (PCC):

Which media sector does it control?
It is an independent and self-regulatory body and its sector of the media is the newspaper and magazines and the complaints that are presented about them.

What is the history of the organization?
The inception of this organization was in 1991to the present day.

How does it enforce its regulatory powers?
It takes in complaints and if the complaints are on the magazine showing content that is not meant to be there, then the organization will take the complaint and try to find ways to put it into action and in order to uphold self-regulations.

What are the consequences of not adhering to regulators rules and codes of practice? (What happens if you break the laws?)
They fine you a large amount of money and in some cases if you break the law it can lead to legal action.

Issues:
 

What is the definition of a monopoly? 

A monopoly is the exclusive ownership or control of a range of supply or trade in a commodity service. Media would be controlled by one person or company. These days there are many forms of media such as entertainment, news and advertisement. One of the few people to own an entire media empire (monopoly) is Rupert Murdoch who used to own news of the world (in news media), who partially owns fox (entertainment media) and Sky.

Why is it important to ensure that no single media producer in the UK has a monopoly?

It is important to keep a range of producers for a different aspect of the media industry because one producer can have control over an entire sector of media which intern will gain said producer a monopoly. So it is important to spread out the responsibility of a media sector in order for there to be enough control to the owner.

Why is a Consumer choice important?

It is a competition for the consumer who is always looking for the better deal to save money on. This is why people try to find out what the consumers want.

What is the definition of censorship?

Censorship usually refers to examination of idea’s and whether or not they can be viewed by certain people. And many laws are put out in order to make sure certain content is not broadcast or to be censored. Such as the broadcasting act and the obscene publications act.

Why do people think there is a fine line between censorship and protecting public interests?

Sometimes it is alright to censor but when it is small things that people can deal with such as a word or suggestion that only someone older would know what the point of censoring it is.

Why should under 18’s be subject to particular consideration by regulators?

Yes due to the fact that ratings for age in games, movies and adverts are usually there to protect younger viewers from mature content they would not understand. In order to protect them from such content there needs to be 18 rated Movies and other media products to make sure that the content issuitable.

Chapter 2 The legal and Ethical constraints of the creative media sector

Ethical And Legal

Ethical:

Social Issue's and Sensitivities: ethics are the social opinion of people, which is usually what is right and what isn't. such as on forms of comedy like south park, some people may like it and want more episodes when some think it is inappropriate and think it should be canceled.

• Representation Of Gender: Gender is a system we use for sorting the types of humans and is usually a troubling issue when discussing both representation in media. Many things, not just people are represented in the media industry by masculine or feminine (mainly in advertising) and over time people have become more aware of what is appropriate characteristics. such as in after shave adverts or perfume adverts.
• Representation Of Religious Beliefs: in media, religion is one of many things that is not brought up in the wrong way unless your south park. when making anything in media you have to make sure it is tolerable for people of a different religious belief. such as when south park made an episode featuring a religious prophet and mocked said prophet. thus the episode was banned from airing again.
• Linguistic usages: in some countries the use of their native tong is used much in media such as news or their shows in their countries. but internationally if an English show is shown in Germany it will be voiced over with another language.

Professional body codes of practice:

• BBC producers' guidelines: All audiences expect the best Ethical and Editorial from the BBC's broadcast. These are the guidelines for the BBC producers.

1. Accuracy
2. Impartiality
3. Harm and Offence
4. Fairness, Contributors and Consent
5. Privacy
6. Reporting Crime and Anti-Social Behavior
7. Children and Young People As Contributors
8. Politics, Public Policy and Polls
9. War, Terror and Emergencies
10. Religion
11. Re-Use and Reversioning
12. Editorial Integrity and Independence From External Interests
13. Conflicts of Interest
14. External Relationships and Funding
15. Interacting With Our Audiences
16. The Law
17. Accountability
18. Appendix 1: The Ofcom Broadcasting Code
19. Appendix 2: Code of conduct for competitions and votes
20. Appendix 3: Statement of policy on alternative finance
21. Appendix 4: Framework for funding prizes and awards
22. Appendix 5: Guidelines for BBC commercial services on editorial integrity and independence from external interests
23. Appendix 6: Guidelines for BBC global news services on external relationships and funding.

• Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C) accessibility Standards:

1. Role Attribute 1.0
2. Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.0
3. User Agent accessibility guidelines 1.0
4. Authoring tool accessibility guidelines 1.0
5. Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0
6. Understanding WCAG 2.0
7. Techniques for WCAG 2.0
8. Guidance on Applying WCAG 2.0 to Non-Web Information and Communications Technologies (WCAG2ICT)
9. XHTML role attribute module
10. XHTML access module
11. Relationship between mobile web best  practices (MWBP) and web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG)
12. Requirements for WCAG 2.0
13. Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA
14. techniques for user agent accessibility guidelines 1.0
15. techniques for authoring tool accessibility guidelines 1.0
16. core techniques for web content accessibility guidelines 1.0
17. CSS techniques for web content accessibility guidelines 1.0
18. HTML techniques for web content accessibility guidelines 1.0
19. Techniques for web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 

Legal:

Content, interpretation and application: Legal issues are completely different from ethical, ethical is where you follow rules that are right by your own morals, but legal is where you follow rules that apply to the laws which in turn apply to all people.

• Broadcasting Act 1990 (and later Amendments): The broadcasting act is reformation broadcasting on the UK's TV's. The independent broadcasting authority was replaced by the independent television commission and the radio authority which was later replaced with a new commission called Ofcom. The broadcasting act came after the Peacock committee which was a review on the financing for the BBC which as also started by Margret Thatcher (one of the prime ministers).
• The recommendations of the its report were:

1. All TV receiver or dishes should all be built with encryption decoders.
2. BBC 1 and BBC 2 radio's should be privatized.
3. License fee should also be extended to car radio's.
4. Channel 4 should be aloud to sell its own advertising.
5. Censorship should be phased out.
6. 40% of ITV and BBC's output should be be sourced from independent producers.
7. The over night transmission space should be sold.

On the 14th of December 1999 in London, a radio station called XFM was fined £50,000 because it breached the British broadcasting act.
in 1996 a new act was made for new provision on broadcasting in digital form on television and sound programmes.

• Official Secrets Act 1989: it is an act that was made by the British Parliament in 1989 that repeals and replaces 2 sections in the original act which is removing the public's defense in the original act's section. this law was breached by a NATO forces translator who was sending emails with info on the British forces to the military forces in Iran.
• Obscene Publications Act 1959 (And later amendments): The obscene act is when the law goes offensive when material is published and deemed to obscene and repealing the law offence known as libel law. this law gives the police a warrant that allows them to be able to seize any any obscene material. this very act was used when a book was published in 1972 called lady Chatterley's lover due to it containing sexual scenes and later was banned in England and wales after the trial.

• Films Act 1985: This law dissolved the film funding agency in Britain and ended the eady levy system which was established in 1951. this act is a for film finance and defining British films. this act abolished the cinematography film council and national film finance corporation by transferring all of its assets towards the British screen finance limited. the previous acts from 1960 to 1980 were repealed and other provision of finance acts from 1982 and 1984.
• Video Recordings Act 1984: This law does not allow people to sell or hire video recordings without a classification that allows them to do such and it has to be signed by the home office.
• Race Relation Act 1976 (and later amendments): this act covers race, nationality, color, ethnic and national origins in all fields of employment such as provisions of goods, education and service to the public. this law promotes race equality and makes sure that there is no discrimination against people by their race, their culture, their religion or the color of their skin.This law has been violated many times such as when people make racist comments on TV or the radio or anywhere really.
• Human Rights Act 1998: This act came more into force on October 2000. This act imposed many new laws as listed below.

1. The right to life
2. Right to security
3. Right to liberty
4. The right to a fair trial
5. Freedom of religion
6. No form of punishment without Law.
7. Freedom of thought and Belief
8. Right an education
9. Right to peaceful enjoyment of your property

• Licensing Act 2003 (and later amendments): That a secretary must issue and revise a guidance in order to license.
• Privacy law: This law is about the right to protection of a persons privacy and the misuse of information. This law was violated when news of the world hacked the phones of many people including (the deceased) Milly Dowler and victims of the 7/7 bombings in London, in the end by violating this law News of the world was shut down.
• Copyright Law: This law does not allow people to copy idea's that have been placed under copyright or pat and pending, unless they have the creator's permission. such as the many spoof movies that copy film idea's which are listed below. and it is not just films it is any kind of form of media such as books, music or TV series. The only thing that can't be under copyright is a drink.

1. Spoof: Space balls - Original: Star wars 
2. Superhero movie - all Marvel work
3. Power rangers - the Japanese show Super Sentai (super sentai is the show power rangers got the costumes and fight scenes from).
4. Austin powers - James bond
5. Epic movie- a wide range of movies

• Copyright and intellectual Property Law: Creative work is treated as an asset or a form of property and can fall into the area of copyright, trademarks, rights or patents.
• Libel Law: Libel law is the protection of a persons reputation against an unjustified attack or slander, whether it is from the Television, the Internet or the Newspapers. The law states that the only way to build a libel case is when a publisher can prove if anything they put in a statement is true or not.

Legal Constraints In The Creative Media Sector

Law:
Libel law:
Description: I person can be sued if they use the media to damage someone's reputation, if the accusations are untrue. This law was created in order to protect people or organizations from mistaken, untruthful or unwarranted attacks on said people's or organizations reputations.
Examples: Keira knightly was blamed for a girl dying of anorexia due to her having a slimmer figure.

Obscene Publications Act:
Description: This law does not allow content that is to deprave and corrupt its audience with its content.
Examples: This very act was used when a book was published in 1972 called lady Chatterley's lover due to it containing sexual scenes and later was banned in England and wales after the trial.

Official secrets act:
Description: It is a criminal offence to publish or obtain information a active or former member of secruity and intelligence services.
Examples: This law was breached by a NATO forces translator who was sending emails with info on the British forces to the military forces in Iran.

Copyright and Intellectual property act:
Description: This law is used to protect creative endeavors so that they can take the property benefit.
Examples: This when Samsung and apple had numerous lawsuits regarding the designs of their electronics.

Privacy law and Human rights Act:
Descriptions: If a media company has published information on someone and said information should be private or information that had a reasonable expectation of privacy.
Examples: News of the world had gotten various information on max Mosley and exposed him for being part of Nazi themed sex act in which several prostitutes were involved. when the news of the world published these stories and the details with the help of a video recording from one of the girls, Max Mosley took it to court and filed a suit which ended with him receiving £60,000.

Ethical:


Reality shows: Geordie shore: The alcoholic content and unstable behavior provides a bad example for younger viewers which is why it is shown on a later time such as 9 pm, so younger viewers don't watch it.
On the show the actors are not aloud to drink to much for filming and drinking is not encouraged and in the case of hiring people are checked in case of criminal backgrounds, problems with alcohol or unstable behavior.

Drama: In some drama's where they show scenes that might effect people people who are watching , they send out a message at the end if you have been effected by what you have seen in this program please call..." In order for some people to talk about what was on and complain if somethings that were shown were wrong, both by the legal and ethical violations.

Comedy shows: Many show such as South park poke fun at issues such as racism and many other things. It is a comedy show meaning it pushes the boundaries, but that doesn't mean that what they do does not offend some viewers.

Current Affairs Shows: Current affair shows that go undercover require the people who work for them to be protected, they also blur some of the people's faces in order to protect them in the case of danger from some viewers.

Talk shows: Jeremy Kyle: People have to sign an agreement in order to be on the show and have to keep unstable behavior in check, the terms and conditions are usually breached by the people who go on the show mainly with their in ability to cope with the end results.

level 3 media

Creative Media Sector L3

Radio:

The radio was created in the 19th century and invented by David E. Hughes.

What does the Industry do?

The radio industry broadcast’s a range of things to people such as music, news, comedy and in some cases competitions for people who call in.

Advertisers: In the radio industry one of the main sources of income is advertising because many people listen to the radio so through this companies can advertise their products with just audio.

How many people are employed in the industry?

The radio industry has been growing over the years more than terrestrial TV and with that growth many employees are needed towards maintaining systems, operating equipment and talk during broadcast. Up to now the radio industry employs more than 22,000 people, but it all depends on what radio station you are on such as BBC, Radio 1 or Smooth.

Sponsership: In all parts of media sponsership is very important becuase sponsership is just another form of advertisement, but through sponsership the brands of products are being adverised more which means people will by more of said brands products. such as when you sponser a drink brand on a football team.

Name of the companies that make up the industry.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->BBC: entertainment radio

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->SMOOTH: commercial radio

• ·         CFM: Is community radio 

• Television Industry:

      A Short History: In the 1920's the television was made in america and used for commercial proposes to begin with. The television has become the common place of business in most rooms. as the years progressed televisions were bought in England and cartoons, films and animations were made to keep people interested.

      The Nine Major companies are BBC, ITV, FIVE, CHANNEL 4, S4C, UTV and SMG.

      Key facts:

Others

w/e 15 Sep 2013

			Millions
1	CELEBRITY JUICE (THU 2204)	ITV2	1.30
2	FAMILY GUY (SUN 2201)	BBC 3	1.18
3	LIVE FORD SUPER SUNDAY/#SOUTHAMPTON V WE (SUN 1530	Sky Sports 1	1.12
4	FORD SATURDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL-LIVE/#EVERT (SAT 1701	Sky Sports 1	1.12
5	BAD EDUCATION (TUE 2202)	BBC 3	1.10
6	MIDSOMER MURDERS (SAT 2104)	ITV3	1.05
7	THE YOUNG MONTALBANO (SAT 2100)	BBC 4	0.96
8	FAMILY GUY (SUN 2223)	BBC 3	0.95
9	DON'T TELL THE BRIDE (TUE 2102)	BBC 3	0.91
10	FOYLE'S WAR (SAT 1901)	ITV3	0.91
11	NEW GIRL (TUE 2101)	E4	0.88
12	XTRA FACTOR (SUN 2059)	ITV2	0.88
13	FAMILY GUY (TUE 2303)	BBC 3	0.87
14	FILM: SHREK (2001) (SUN 2038)	BBC 3	0.86
15	FAMILY GUY (TUE 2326)	BBC 3	0.83

http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing/weekly-top-30?

      Overview of the sector: Today Television is changing and becoming more challenging. The industry is dominated by the nine major broadcasting station and many less known broadcasting companies.

      The Size Of The Sector: there are 850 production companies that work independently.

      How many people it has employed: 55,800

      Film: 

A Short Story: The film industry has existed since the early 19th century and has evolved from moving pictures on wind up camera to making its way on the big screen in places like Hollywood or on your TV.

Key Facts: The film industry is comprised of multiple fields of work such as production, pre-production, casting and camera operating.Film: The film industry is mainly known for many genres such as Drama, Sci-fi, horror, comedy, action or thriller. Mainly comedy and dramas are the some of the most popular kinds of films in the industry because they make the people laugh and maybe cry such as most drams like James Cameron’s The Titanic. There are at least 400 permanent film companies but this depends on things being worked on at any time. 

Overview of the sector: The film sector contains many industry, such as film directors, writers, animators and producers, and the film industry contains more than 400 million film companies.
Producers: They are the one who provide the money in order to make films and make sure it is made into a budget so that the money is spent efficiently.
Directors: The director is the one who organizes the film and its entirety.
Writers: They write out the scripts and storyboards towards the film.
People employed: 27,800

Downloads: In the film industry many people download movies and episodes of television series so they can watch them for free instead of legally buying the, but in the case of iTunes people pay and download songs and movies legally.
The Cinema box office: the cinema box office allows the film industry to find out how many people have watched their films and then they add up the amount to tell how much the film has made based on ticket sales.

Fox

Dream works

MGM

Disney and Pixar

Universal Studios

Paramount

Warner Bros  

The Size Of The Sector: The film industry has a large sector that stretches from filming to equipment and camera operating.

Publishing:

A Short History: The publishing industry as a business was made in 1911 when the 1911 encyclopedia came out and gave more knowledge to the public.

Key Facts: Magazines are another form of publishing as well and may have a bigger market range as it holds news on current events like newspapers, but also have local gossip on most people (mainly celebrities) and there social lives. Or some magazines hold activities for young kids or adults such as crossword puzzles or some might contain self-tests that can be done at home through a series of questions like a home personality test or a match making test but through the interactive media age most people can now look up such things online. Also people can get magazines with political interests such as the next election on who is winning in there election campaigns or how far ahead they are in business or these magazines can even include most updates on recent updates in technology or scientific work.  

Overview Of The Sector: The publishing industry has many industries involved with it such as TV's choice (magazine), The Times and various other published work.
The Size Of The Sector: The publishing Industry spreads to many corners from the written word to the internet. It has many forms such as Newspapers, magazines, books, directories, mailing lists, journals, news agencies and all sorts of other services that concern public information. Magazines and book companies like listed below.

1.     news of the world (now shut down)
2.     The daily mirror
3.     DC comics
4.      Marvel comics
5.      Evening Gazette
6.     Northern echo
7.      The Times
8.      The sun
9.     Daily star
10.      Daily telegraph

     


How Many People It Employs: 195,000 people. Newspaper sector employs 51,000, 50,500 are employed in magazines and journals, 12,000 in other services and 33,000 in the book publishing industry.

Photography/photo imaging:
A Short Story: The photography industry 
Key Facts: The photography industry has 8,7000 companies and 68% are freelance.
Overview Of The Sector: photos can be placed in many parts of media such as websites, magazines, photo retail, picture libraries, picture agencies and manufacturers.
The Size Of the Sector: The photo's are usually taken for magazines, catalogs and websites mainly used for forms of advertisement.
Argos catalog
The Times
And various other brand.
How Many People They Employ: The total workforce for photography is about 43,100 employees.

Games:
Short Story: The game industry started in the 1960's and in the 1970's the games industry expanded to putting games in video arcades like the PAC man games and Donkey Kong.
Key Facts: In the 1980's the game industry exploded with the releases of sonic the hedgehog and various Mario games.
Overview Of The Sectors:With the massive growth in its audience and incredible advances in technology and creative possibilities, the games industry offer a wide range of interesting career opportunities. But as with the other sectors, there is competition for jobs at all levels and candidates who have a good knowledge of how the industry works have a much better chance of getting in and getting on. 

definition of it risks quickly becoming out of date.
There are many game companies such as Nintendo, Sega, EA games, square enix and many others in the image below.

Franchise/formats: As a series grows more popular the people who made it expand on the franchise such as DC comics or Marvel.

Merchandise:Many companies even game companies make merchandise based around the characters of games so they can sell them for more profit. they are usually like figures, cards, or even music.The Size Of The Sector: The game industry sector are in many such as concept design, editing and the many focus groups that are called in to test it.

The game industry has many brands and companies such as Nintendo has produced any games such as the Pokemon series that is still going on with its recent releases Pokemon x and y on the Nintendo 3DS.

Sega has had sonic the hedgehog that has rivaled Nintendo Mario for a long time now. EA sports has created many sport games and has even created the harry potter pc games. Square Enix and Disney have combined their characters and various story lines to create Kingdom Hearts that has gone on for nearly 11 years now.
How many people it employs: 10,000.

Animation:

Key Facts: The animation industry in the UK stretches across many sectors around the UK. Animated content is found on television, films, adverts, website and games.

Overview of the sector: the UK's animation industry is made up of a workforce that stretches across the creative media industry.

The size of the sector: The animation sector has many companies that make many animated shows and commercials such as listed below. 

•      Fox
•     Nickelodeons
•     Disney
•     Marvel studios
•    DC Comics Studios
•     Studio Ghibli
•     Warner Bros entertainment

How many people it employs: 4,700

Advertising:
Key Facts: Advertising is an important part of the media industry because without it we would not have anyway of selling products or creating awareness of said product.
There are many advertising companies such as
the entire sector makes at least 6.2 billion a year.
how many people employed: 17,000

Interactive Media:
The companies have at least 22% of local media business and have at least 43,000 people working for them.
How many people employed: 40,000

Public ownership:

Is where all people own it and are allowed to use said product towards what they think and therefore are not blocked off from said product.

Private Ownership:

Private property is the property of one or few people such as a persons home that is private property.

Advantages and disadvantages of the BBC license:

Cons: The BBC cannot justify the license fee for multiple channels, multiple platforms and others things as well. they offer channels that some people don't even want. people download shows and watch them later to avoid paying the fees on BBC.

Pros: Numerous channels with different variety of shows then the mount your paying.

TV licenses: The people who pay the bills for a TV license are the people who are over 18. the TV license costs 145.50 and for color it costs 49.90, but there is a reduced fee of 50% for people at age 74 or those who are blind, but if you do not pay the fees you have to pay a 1000 pound fine. if you watch live TV online you still have to get a license for it. the BBC license is shared amongst its services such TV and radio.

Television Subscriptions: Many people who work for broadband advertise the televisions quality through subscriptions in order to attract new customers to their brand.

DVD Rental: Some shops such as blockbusters rent DVD's to the public for a limited time to watch them which has lead to a sustainable profit until web streaming.

Sponsorship: In major sporting events many teams advertise things in the media such as sky which is broadcasted through sky or advertised on the uniform as a symbol of sponsorship.

Globalization: This is when a company spreads out internationally due to increased trade and culture exchange.

Conglomerate: This is a company that expands in to mutiple companys in media and other buisness.
list of conglomerates: Bertelsmann
SE and Co. KGaA
CBS corporation
British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc
Liberty Media
News corporation
Time Warner Inc.

Merger: This happens when a large corporation absorbs a little corporation or when two big company's merge together.

Takeover: This occurs when a company is bought out by another company which then controls it.

Vertical Integration: When a company expands business in other area's and different points in production.

Horizontal integration: This occurs when a company produces products that are similar to other lines of products.

companies: I will use Disney as an example. Disney makes at least 39.759 billion a year, it was founded in 1923, it has 166,000 employees and is shown by multiple media channels such as ABC, Disney channel and Hyperion books. the companies chairman and CEO today is Bob Iger and the senior executive VP and CFO is Jay Rasulo.